It is a basic understanding that someone who can read has already mastered its awareness of phonemes. To be able to read a word, the reader must be able to identify the sound of each phoneme and understand the phonology that makes up a word. The word then must be comprehensible for the reader to make sense and interpret its meaning. Knowing the word will eventually make meaning according to how the reader understands or interprets its syntax. Depending on the reader's background, experience, vocabulary knowledge, and educational attainment, the reader decides on its explication. It is noted that a significant number of immigrants arriving in various nonnative countries and cultures are non literate in their native languages. (Brown, pp. 395) This is a major challenge in teaching L2 learners. Imagine all the issues that affect teaching when a teacher tries to do a Bottom-Up Processing approach with a Top-Down Processing Learning approach. The teacher will try to offer the most bas...
It is a surprise that Joseph Webbe’s attitude to grammar as early as 1622 mentioned the holistic approach to learning language as he quoted, “No man can run speedily to the mark of language that is shackled… with grammar precepts. By exercise of reading, writing, and speaking… all things belonging to Grammar, will without labour, and whether we will or no, thrust themselves upon us.” Surprisingly, English grammar is still taught in other countries using the “Rule of Law” transmission view as I experienced. Though I believe it is essential but lacks the speaking part to complete the holistic process of learning. ( Thornbury: How to Teach Grammar ; Chapter 2, pg. 17) Learning a second-language must be experiential (the knowledge-how argument). Speaking and writing practices are essential to express grammar learning. It is saddening that learners of a second-language are limiting themselves in speaking outside the classroom and practise the use of language at home. Learning must not b...